In which scenario does a company recognize unrealized gains and losses for investments classified under FVTOCI?

When investments are classified as Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI), the accounting treatment requires that unrealized gains and losses are recognized in other comprehensive income and not in profit and loss. This approach allows for the investment's fair value fluctuations to be reflected in equity, separate from the company's net income calculations, until the investments are eventually sold.

This treatment is specifically designed to give users of financial statements a clearer picture of the company's performance by distinguishing between realized and unrealized changes in value. When the investment is sold, any gain or loss that was recorded in other comprehensive income gets reclassified to profit and loss, thus impacting net income at that time. This method aligns with the principle of reflecting a more stable and less volatile net income figure, while still showing the investment's fair value changes in the equity section of the balance sheet.

Other options suggest that unrealized gains and losses impact profit and loss or become fully disregarded, which does not align with the FVTOCI classification under accounting standards.